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内容简介:
Equal parts Sapiens, Behave, and Superintelligence, but wholly original in scope, A Brief History of Intelligence offers a paradigm shift for how we understand neuroscience and AI. Artificial intelligence entrepreneur Max Bennett chronicles the five “breakthroughs” in the evolution of human intelligence and reveals what brains of the past can tell us about the AI of tomorrow.
In the last decade, capabilities of artificial intelligence that had long been the realm of science fiction have, for the first time, become our reality. AI is now able to produce original art, identify tumors in pictures, and even steer our cars. And yet, large gaps remain in what modern AI systems can achieve—indeed, human brains still easily perform intellectual feats that we can’t replicate in AI systems. How is it possible that AI can beat a grandmaster at chess but can’t effectively load a dishwasher? As AI entrepreneur Max Bennett compellingly argues, finding the answer requires diving into the billion-year history of how the human brain evolved; a history filled with countless half-starts, calamities, and clever innovations. Not only do our brains have a story to tell—the future of AI may depend on it.
Now, in A Brief History of Intelligence, Bennett bridges the gap between neuroscience and AI to tell the brain’s evolutionary story, revealing how understanding that story can help shape the next generation of AI breakthroughs. Deploying a fresh perspective and working with the support of many top minds in neuroscience, Bennett consolidates this immense history into an approachable new framework, identifying the “Five Breakthroughs” that mark the brain’s most important evolutionary leaps forward. Each breakthrough brings new insight into the biggest mysteries of human intelligence. Containing fascinating corollaries to developments in AI, A Brief History of Intelligence shows where current AI systems have matched or surpassed our brains, as well as where AI systems still fall short. Simply put, until AI systems successfully replicate each part of our brain’s long journey, AI systems will fail to exhibit human-like intelligence.
Endorsed and lauded by many of the top neuroscientists in the field today, Bennett’s work synthesizes the most relevant scientific knowledge and cutting-edge research into an easy-to-understand and riveting evolutionary story. With sweeping scope and stunning insights, A Brief History of Intelligence proves that understanding the arc of our brain’s history can unlock the tools for successfully navigating our technological future.
作者简介:
Max Bennett is an entrepreneur and researcher. He has cofounded multiple AI companies, holds several patents for AI technologies, and has published numerous scientific papers on the topics of evolutionary neuroscience and intelligence. He has been featured on the Forbes 30 Under 30 list as well as the Built In NYC’s 30 Tech Leaders Under 30. Most notably, Bennett was the cofounder and Chief Product Officer of Bluecore, one of the fastest growing companies in the U.S., providing AI technologies to some of the largest companies in the world. Bluecore has been featured in the annual Inc. 500 fastest growing companies, as well as Glassdoor’s 50 best places to work in the U.S. Bluecore was recently valued at over $1 billion. Bennett graduated from Washington University in St. Louis, summa cum laude, with a degree in economics and mathematics.
原文摘录:
上述内容描述了身体对短期压力源（即急性应激反应）的反应。但压力困扰现代人类的大多数方式源于身体对长期压力源（即慢性应激反应）的反应，这同样起源于最早的两侧对称动物。如果线虫暴露于有害刺激（如危险的高温、严寒或有毒化学物质）中三十分钟，起初它会表现出急性应激反应的特征——它会试图逃跑，应激激素会暂停身体功能。但在这种无法逃避的压力源下，仅仅两分钟后，线虫就会做出令人惊讶的举动：它们会放弃。线虫停止移动，不再试图逃跑，只是躺在那里。这种令人惊讶的行为实际上相当聪明：只有当刺激确实可以逃避时，花费能量逃跑才是值得的；否则，线虫通过等待来保存能量更有可能存活。进化嵌入了一种古老的生化保障机制，以确保生物体不会浪费能量去试图逃避无法逃避的事物，这种保障机制是慢性压力和抑郁的早期萌芽。
任何持续的、无法逃避的或反复出现的负面刺激，如持续的疼痛或长期的饥饿，都会使线虫的大脑进入慢性应激状态。慢性应激与急性应激并无太大不同，应激激素和阿片类物质仍处于高水平，长期抑制消化、免疫反应、食欲和繁殖。但慢性应激至少在一个重要方面与急性应激不同：它会关闭唤醒和动机。
即使在线虫中，慢性应激的确切生化机制也很复杂，尚未完全了解。但急性应激和慢性应激状态之间似乎有一个不同之处，那就是慢性应激会开始激活血清素。乍一看，这毫无道理：血清素本应是产生饱腹感和愉悦感的化学物质。但想想血清素的主要作用：它会关闭情感神经元反应并降低唤醒水平。如果将这一点加入应激激素的混合物中，就会得到一种奇怪但不幸又熟悉的状态——麻木。这也许是抑郁最原始的形式。当然，线虫不会像毕加索那样经历艺术上的忧郁时期，它们也不一定有意识地“体验”任何事情，但线虫仍然具有从昆虫到鱼类、小鼠再到人类等所有两侧对称动物在抑郁发作时的基本特征：情感反应的麻木。这会使疼痛变得迟钝，甚至使最令人兴奋的刺激也完全无法激发动力。心理学家将抑郁的这一典型症状… (查看原文)
etc.
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2025-01-18 17:51:25
如果说多巴胺是“好事将近”的化学信号，那么血清素就是“好事正在发生”的化学信号。
当你看到你想要的东西时，比如你饥饿时看到的食物、性感的伴侣或是比赛的终点线，会发生什么呢？在所有这些情况下，你的大脑都会释放大量多巴胺。而当你得到你想要的东西时，比如当你达到性高潮、品尝到美味的食物或是完成待办事项清单上的任务时，你的大脑会释放血清素。 (查看原文)
白色的蓝
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2025-09-26 08:32:29
—— 引自章节：3 情感的起源