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内容简介:
Richard Dawkins’ brilliant reformulation of the theory of natural selection has the rare distinction of having provoked as much excitement and interest outside the scientific community as within it. His theories have helped change the whole nature of the study of social biology, and have forced thousands of readers to rethink their beliefs about life.
In his internationally bestselling, now classic volume, The Selfish Gene , Dawkins explains how the selfish gene can also be a subtle gene. The world of the selfish gene revolves around savage competition, ruthless exploitation, and deceit, and yet, Dawkins argues, acts of apparent altruism do exist in nature. Bees, for example, will commit suicide when they sting to protect the hive, and birds will risk their lives to warn the flock of an approaching hawk.
This 30th anniversary edition of Dawkins’ fascinating book retains all original material, including the two enlightening chapters added in the second edition. In a new Introduction the author presents his thoughts thirty years after the publication of his first and most famous book, while the inclusion of the two-page original Foreword by brilliant American scientist Robert Trivers shows the enthusiastic reaction of the scientific community at that time. This edition is a celebration of a remarkable exposition of evolutionary thought, a work that has been widely hailed for its stylistic brilliance and deep scientific insights, and that continues to stimulate whole new areas of research today.
作者简介:
Richard Dawkins, Charles Simonyi Professor of the Public Understanding of Science and Fellow of New College, Oxford.
Introduction to 3rd edn
Preface to 1989 2nd edn
Foreword to 1976 1st edn
Preface to 1976 1st edn
1: Why are people?
2: The replicators
3: Immortal coils
4: The gene machine
5: Aggression: stability and the selfish machine
6: Genesmanship
7: Family planning
8: Battle of the generations
9: Battle of the sexes
10: You scratch my back, I’ll ride on yours
11: Memes: the new replicators
12: Nice guys finish first
13: The long reach of the gene
Endnotes
Reviews from earlier editions
Updated bibliography
Index and key to bibliography
· · · · · · (收起)
原文摘录:
在许多情况下，雌性动物因雄性动物不拥有一块领地而拒绝同其交配。有时，雌性动物由于其配偶被击败，领地被占领，而很快就委身于胜利者，这些情况的确时常发生。甚至在明显是忠诚的单配留物种中，雌性动物许配的可能是雄性动物的领地，而不是雄性动物本身。 (查看原文)
桑下
36 回复
58赞
2013-05-27 17:19:21
—— 引自第128页
任何一个母体在其一生中能够用来对子女（以及其他亲属、她自己等，但为了便于论证，我们在这里仅仅考虑子女）的亲代投资是有一定总量的。这个亲代投资总额包括她在一生中所能搜集或制造的食物、她准备承担的一切风险以及她为了儿女的福利所能够耗费的一切能量与精力。一个年轻的雌性个体在其成年后应如何利用它的生命资源进行投资？什么样的投资策略才是它应遵循的上策？拉克的理论已经告诉我们，它不应把资源分摊给太多的子女，致使每个子女得到的份额过分微薄。这样做它会失去太多基因：它不会有足够的孙子孙女。另一方面，它也不应把资源集中用在少数几个被宠坏了的儿女身上。它事实上可以确保一定数量的孙子孙女，但它的一些对手由于对最适量的子女进行投资，结果养育出更多的孙子孙女。有关平均主义的投资策略就讲到这里。我们现在感兴趣的是，对一个母亲来说，在对子女进行投资时如果不是一视同仁，是否会有好处，也就是说，它是否应该有所偏爱。
我们说，做母亲的对待子女不一视同仁，在遗传学上是毫无根据的。它同每个子女的亲缘关系指数都一样，都是1/2。对它而言，最理想的策略是，它能够抚养多少子女就抚养多少，但要进行平均投资，直至它们自己开始生男育女时为止。
我们把动物比做生存机器，它们的行为好像有“目的”地保存它们自己的基因。这样，我们可以谈论亲代与子代之间的矛盾，亦即两代之间的争斗。这是一种微妙的争斗，双方全力以赴，不受任何清规戒律的约束。幼儿利用一切机会进行欺骗。它会装成比实际更饥饿的样子，也许装得比实际更年幼或面临比实际更大危难的模样。尽管幼儿幼小羸弱，无力欺负其父母，但它却不惜使用一切可以使用的心理战术武器：说谎、哄骗、欺瞒、利用，甚至滥用亲缘关系作出不利于其亲属的行为。另一方面，做父母的必须对这种欺骗行为保持警觉，尽力避免受骗上当。要做到这点似乎也并不难。母鸟如果知道它的雏鸟可能装成很饿的样子，它就可以采取定量喂食的策略来对付，… (查看原文)
乔伊
9 回复
30赞
2012-09-28 16:23:43
—— 引自第140页