The Gender of Memory

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内容简介:

What can we learn about the Chinese revolution by placing a doubly marginalized group–rural women–at the center of the inquiry? In this book, Gail Hershatter explores changes in the lives of seventy-two elderly women in rural Shaanxi province during the revolutionary decades of the 1950s and 1960s. Interweaving these women’s life histories with insightful analysis, Hershatter shows how Party-state policy became local and personal, and how it affected women’s agricultural work, domestic routines, activism, marriage, childbirth, and parenting–even their notions of virtue and respectability. The women narrate their pasts from the vantage point of the present and highlight their enduring virtues, important achievements, and most deeply harbored grievances. In showing what memories can tell us about gender as an axis of power, difference, and collectivity in 1950s rural China and the present, Hershatter powerfully examines the nature of socialism and how gender figured in its creation.

作者简介:

Gail Hershatter is Professor of History at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is the author of many books, including Dangerous Pleasures: Prostitution and Modernity in Twentieth-Century Shanghai and Women in China’s Long Twentieth Century, both from UC Press.

Acknowledgments ix
Maps xiii
Introduction 1
1 Frames 13
2 No One Is Home 32
3 Widow (or, the Virtue of Leadership) 65
4 Activist 96
5 Farmer 129
6 Midwife 154
7 Mother 182
8 Model. 210
9 Laborer 236
10 Narrator 267
Appendix: Interviews 289
Notes 293
Glossary 401
References 411
Index 443
· · · · · · (收起)

原文摘录:

记忆不是“真相”的储藏室;正如法国历史学家雅克·勒高夫所说,记忆不只需要建立印迹,还需要对这些印迹进行重读。随着叙述者活跃地创造新的意义,记忆似乎也在任何需要的时候被重新创造。必须不断地重新排列人们对所记得的事情的理解,记忆的色彩才有可能会改变。每一种叙述都会带来遗失,因为当记忆被再次开启和重新放置时,它已经远离了感官经验和讲述者先前对一个事件的理解。然而与此同时,每一种记忆都是一种创造——未必是全新的发明(尽管也有),确是过去的事件与现时的特定情况汇集的产物。亚历桑德罗·波特利写道,对历史学者而言,口述资料的价值“不在于它们保存过去的能力,而在于记忆所能引起的变化。这些变化揭示出叙述者如何企图理解过去并为他们的生活赋予一种形式。”人们所记忆的事情是历经持续修改、重述、发明,有时是小心防守的沉默后的产物。 (查看原文)

云多安
8赞
2017-05-02 22:22:18

—— 引自第28页

关于曹竹香等劳动模范的官方记载对植棉、与自然作斗争、政治敌人背信弃义等题材进行了生动流畅的记录,但令人费解的是,对有关孩子方面却缄口不提。尽管 50 年代发行的刊物谈论了如何在农忙季节组织托儿设施,却没有提到任何一个女劳模需要这种托儿帮助,以便发挥她的历史作用。我们如果不赞同那种认为母亲与孩子有着神圣纽带联系的本质主义论,也不想当然地认为关心育儿是一种“超历史”的定式,那么我们依旧会忍不住将这种缄默看作是国家带来的失败,甚至看作是一种图利忘义的尝试:把妇女宣扬为模范,却从不认可她们为模范角色所付出的物质和情感。总之,这种缄默可以被解读成是进一步追随了长征的错误理念:国家干脆假装妇女的情况跟男子的一样,将女子吹捧成为跟男子平等、一样能够从事艰苦卓绝的劳动。然而,这样的谴责不管多么让人得到短暂的满足感,从政治上来说是愚蠢的,在历史上也是站不住脚的。这种谴责忽视了女劳模们曾经是如何满怀热情地(现在回忆起来依然不带明显的矛盾态度)承担起模范的职责,也忽视了劳模地位给她们带来的荣誉以及这一地位势必带来的日常工作。 (查看原文)

失林獐
4赞
2022-06-02 08:06:47

—— 引自章节:干部、忠诚、轻描淡写