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内容简介:
First published in 1945, Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s monumental Phénoménologie de la perception signalled the arrival of a major new philosophical and intellectual voice in post-war Europe. Breaking with the prevailing picture of existentialism and phenomenology at the time, it has become one of the landmark works of twentieth-century thought. This new translation, the first for over fifty years, makes this classic work of philosophy available to a new generation of readers.
Phenomenology of Perception stands in the great phenomenological tradition of Husserl, Heidegger, and Sartre. Yet Merleau-Ponty’s contribution is decisive, as he brings this tradition and other philosophical predecessors, particularly Descartes and Kant, to confront a neglected dimension of our experience: the lived body and the phenomenal world. Charting a bold course between the reductionism of science on the one hand and “intellectualism” on the other, Merleau-Ponty argues that we should regard the body not as a mere biological or physical unit, but as the body which structures one’s situation and experience within the world.
作者简介:
Born in 1908, Merleau-Ponty died in 1961 at the age of 53. This essay will follow the basic contours of his thought, beginning with the first published work, The Structure of Behavior (SB), followed by the Phenomenology of Perception (PP), and concluding with the posthumously published The Visible and the Invisible (VI). It will include only brief excursions into his writings on politics and art. Although I have no interest in dividing his oeuvre into three distinct periods, nonetheless, each of these works marks a stage in the philosophical itinerary of his thought, culminating with an ontology of the flesh elaborated in his later thought.
原文摘录:
被理解为能在一种唯一意向中把握和预料时间进程的能力的永恒,可能就是主体性定义本身。
从我体验到爱情,欢乐,忧愁的时候起,我确实在爱,我确实是欢乐的或忧愁的,尽管在事实上,也就是在其他人看来或在另一个时候的我看来,对象并不具有我目前给予它的意义。
爱就是爱的意识,欲望就是欲望的意识。没有意识到本身的一种爱或一种欲望可能是一种不在爱的爱,或一种没有欲望的欲望,正如一种无意识的思维可能是一种不进行思维的思维。
真爱唤起主体的所有精神力量,使主体整个地卷入,而假爱只涉及到主体的一个角色。[…] 当我有了变化,或意中人有了变化时,真爱就结束了;当我省悟时,假爱就露馅了。
只要真实的感情没有产生,少女就不可能发现在她的爱情中错觉和诗意的成分。
但是,有绝对的卷入吗?
只有消除这些顾忌,闭上眼睛置身于“行动”中,我们才能离开怀疑,我们才能到达“真实”。
知觉假定的东西多于我明确知道的东西。同样,如果我想证实我的怀疑的实在性,我也绝无可能完成,因为首先需要怀疑我的怀疑的思想,再怀疑这种怀疑的思想本身,如此往下以至无穷。(上页脚注,波伏娃《应邀而来》:如果人们开始变得诚实,人们就再也不能停顿下来。)
已经实现的构图有一种证明的价值,因为我使它从三角形的运动形式中涌现。它表达了我的一种能力:使作为我对三角形结构的知觉的对物体的某种把握的感性象征显现出来。这是一种创造性想象活动,而不是重返三角形的永恒概念。
语言不能告诉我们任何东西,至多只能在我们身上引起我们已有的意义的重新组合。语言的体验就在于驳斥这种看法。
他在自己的话语中找到的东西应多于他想放入其中的东西,否则,我们就看不到孤立的思维坚持不懈地寻找表达方式。因此,言语就是这种自相矛盾的活动,在这种活动中,我们试图通过意义已确定的词语和可自由支配的意义,到达一种原则上超出它、并最终改变和规定词语的意义的一种意向,虽然意向本身与由词语表达的(… (查看原文)
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2 回复
5赞
2014-10-24 09:21:44
—— 引自第461页
(克洛岱尔《诗的艺术》)“时间是提供给为了消失而存在的一切东西的手段” (查看原文)
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4赞
2014-10-24 11:13:32
—— 引自第513页