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内容简介:
This entirely new translation of Critique of Pure Reason is the most accurate and informative English translation ever produced of this epochal philosophical text. Though its simple and direct style will make it suitable for all new readers of Kant, the translation displays an unprecedented philosophical and textual sophistication that will enlighten Kant scholars as well. This translation recreates as far as possible a text with the same interpretative nuances and richness as the original. The extensive editorial apparatus includes informative annotation, detailed glossaries, an index, and a large-scale general introduction in which two of the world’s preeminent Kant scholars provide both a succinct summary of the structure and argument of the Critique and a detailed account of its long and complex genesis.
作者简介:
TABLE OF CONTENTS1
Motto (added in the second edition)
Dedication
(as in the first edition of 1781)
(as in the second edition of 1787)
Preface (to the first edition)
Preface to the second edition
Table of Contents (as in the first edition)
Introduction (as in the first edition)
I. The idea of transcendental philosophy
On the difference between analytic and synthetic judgments.
II. Division of transcendental philosophy.
Introduction (as in the second edition)
I. On the difference between pure and empirical cognition.
II. We are in possession of certain a priori cognitions, and even the common understanding is not without them.
III. Philosophy needs a science that determines the possibility, the principles2 and the domain of all a priori cognitions.
IV. On the difference between analytic and synthetic judgments.
V Synthetic a priori judgments are contained as principles3 in all theoretical sciences of reason.
VI. The general problem4 of pure reason.
VII. The idea and the divisions of a special science under the name of a critique of pure reason.
I. Transcendental doctrine of elements
First Part. Transcendental aesthetic (as in the first edition)
[Introduction.]
First section. On space.
Second section. On time.
First Part. Transcendental aesthetic (as in the second edition)
Introduction.
First section. On space.
Second section. On time.
General remarks on the transcendental aesthetic.
Second Part. Transcendental logic
Introduction. The idea of a transcendental logic
I. On logic in general.
II. On transcendental logic.
III. On the division of general logic into analytic and dialectic.
IV. On the division of transcendental logic into the transcendental analytic and dialectic.
Division one. Transcendental analytic
Book I. Analytic of concepts
Chapter I. On the clue to the discovery of all pure concepts of the understanding
First section. On the logical use of the understanding in general.
Second section. On the logical function of the understanding in judgments.
Third section. On the pure concepts of the understanding or categories.
Chapter II. On the deduction of the pure concepts of the understanding
First section. On the principles5 of a transcendental deduction in general.
Transition to the transcendental deduction of the categories.
Second section. On the a priori grounds for the possibility of experience, (as in the first edition)
Third section. On the relation6 of the understanding to objects in general and the possibility of cognizing these a priori, (as in the first edition)
Second Section. Transcendental deduction of the pure concepts of the understanding, (as in the second edition) ()
Book II. Analytic of principles
Introduction. On the transcendental power of judgment in general
Chapter I. On the schematism of pure concepts of the understanding
Chapter II. System of all principles of pure understanding
Section I. On the supreme principle of all analytic judgments.
Section II. On the supreme principle of all synthetic judgments.
Section III. Systematic representation of all synthetic principles of pure understanding.
1. Axioms of intuition
2. Anticipations of perception
3. Analogies of experience
A. First analogy: principle of persistence of substance.
B. Second analogy: principle of temporal succession according to the law of causality.
C. Third analogy: principle of simultaneity according to the law of reciprocity or community.
4. The postulates of empirical thought in general
Refutation of idealism (added in the second edition)
General note on the system of principles (added in the second edition)
Chapter III. On the ground of the distinction of all objects in general into phenomena and noumena
(as in the first edition)
Chapter III. On the ground of the distinction of all objects in general into phenomena and noumena
(as in the second edition)
Appendix: On the amphiboly of concepts of reflection
Remark to the amphiboly of concepts of reflection
Division two. Transcendental dialectic
Introduction.
I. Transcendental illusion
II. On pure reason as the seat of transcendental illusion
A. On reason in general.
B. On the logical use of reason.
C. On the pure use of reason.
Book I. On the concepts of pure reason
Section I. On the ideas in general.
Section II. On the transcendental ideas.
Section III. The system of transcendental ideas.
Book II. The dialectical inferences of pure reason
Chapter I. The paralogisms of pure reason
(as in the first edition)
First paralogism of substantiality.
Second paralogism of simplicity.
Third paralogism of personality.
Fourth paralogism of ideality.
Observation on the sum of the pure doctrine of the soul
Chapter I. The paralogisms of pure reason
(as in the second edition)
Refutation of Mendelssohn’s proof of the persistence of the soul.
General remark concerning the transition from rational psychology to rational cosmology.
Chapter II. The antinomy of pure reason
Section I. The system of cosmological ideas.
Section II. The antithetic of pure reason.
First conflict
Second conflict
Third conflict
Fourth conflict
Section III. On the interest of reason in these conflicts.
Section IV. On the transcendental problems7 of pure reason, insofar as they absolutely must be capable of a solution.
Section V. Skeptical representation of the cosmological questions raised by all four transcendental ideas.
Section VI. Transcendental idealism as the key to solving the cosmological dialectic.
Section VII. Critical decision of the cosmological conflict of reason with itself.
Section VIII. The regulative principle8 of pure reason in regard to the cosmological ideas.
Section IX. The empirical use of the regulative principle of reason in regard to the cosmological ideas.
I. Resolution of the cosmological idea of totality of the composition9 of the appearances into a world-whole.
II. Resolution of the cosmological idea of totality of division of a given whole in intuition.
Concluding remark on the resolution of the mathematical-transcendental ideas and preamble to the solution of the dynamical transcendental ideas.
III. Resolution of the cosmological idea of the totality in the derivation of occurrences in the world from their causes.
The possibility of causality through freedom.
Clarification of the cosmological idea of freedom.
IV Resolution of the cosmological idea of the totality of the dependence of appearances regarding their existence in general.
Concluding remark to the entire antinomy of pure reason.
Chapter III. The ideal of pure reason
Section I. The ideal in general.
Section II. The transcendental ideal (prototypon transcendentale).10
Section III. The grounds of proof of speculative reason inferring the existence of a highest being.
Section IV. On the impossibility of an ontological proof of God’s existence.
Section V. On the impossibility of a cosmological proof of God’s existence.
Discovery and explanation of the dialectical illusion in all transcendental proofs of the existence of a necessary being.
Section VI. On the impossibility of the physicotheological proof.
Section VII. Critique of all theology from principles11 of reason.
Appendix to the transcendental dialectic
On the regulative use of the ideas of pure reason.
On the final aim of the natural dialectic of human reason.
II. Transcendental doctrine of method
Introduction.
Chapter I. The discipline of pure reason
Section I. The discipline of pure reason in dogmatic use.
Section II. The discipline of pure reason with regard to its polemical use.
On the impossibility of a skeptical satisfaction of pure reason that is divided against itself.
Section III. The discipline of pure reason with regard to hypotheses.
Section IV. The discipline of pure reason with regard to its proofs.
Chapter II. The canon of pure reason
Section I. On the ultimate end of the pure use of our reason.
Section II. On the ideal of the highest good.
Section III. On having an opinion, knowing, and believing.
Chapter III. The architectonic of pure reason
Chapter IV. The history of pure reason
· · · · · · (收起)
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