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内容简介:
For the last 100,000 years, we Sapiens have accumulated enormous power. But despite allour discoveries, inventions, and conquests, we now find ourselves in an existential crisis. The world is on the verge of ecological collapse. Misinformation abounds. And we are rushing headlong into the age of AI—a new information network that threatens to annihilate us. For all that we have accomplished, why are we so self-destructive?
Nexus looks through the long lens of human history to consider how the flow of information has shaped us, and our world. Taking us from the Stone Age, through the canonization of the Bible, early modern witch-hunts, Stalinism, Nazism, and the resurgence of populism today, Yuval Noah Harari asks us to consider the complex relationship between information and truth, bureaucracy and mythology, wisdom and power. He explores how different societies and political systems throughout history have wielded information to achieve their goals, for good and ill. And he addresses the urgent choices we face as non-human intelligence threatens our very existence.
Information is not the raw material of truth; neither is it a mere weapon. Nexus explores the hopeful middle ground between these extremes, and in doing so, rediscovers our shared humanity.
作者简介:
Professor Yuval Noah Harari is a historian, philosopher, and the bestselling author of Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind, Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow, 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, and the series Sapiens: A Graphic History and Unstoppable Us. He is considered one of the world’s most influential public intellectuals working today. Born in Israel in 1976, Harari received his Ph.D. from the University of Oxford in 2002 and is currently a lecturer at the Department of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He co-founded the social impact company Sapienship, focused on education and media, with his husband, Itzik Yahav.
原文摘录:
2023年，包括中国、美国与英国在内的近30个国家和欧盟签署了关于人工智能的《布莱切利宣言》，其中就承认：“这些人工智能模型所具备的最重要的功能可能会造成严重的甚至是灾难性的伤害，无论是有意的还是无意的。”虽然以上使用的是这种仿佛描述世界末日的语词，但专家与政府并不是让人联想到那些好莱坞电影的画面，好像有机器人造反，在街上奔跑射杀人类。这种情节一来实在不太可能发生，二来只会让人们忽略真正的危险。专家真正要警告的是另外两种情况。
第一，人工智能的力量可能会大幅加剧人类既有的冲突，让人类形成内斗。正如20世纪冷战时期的铁幕分隔出几个彼此敌对的势力，21世纪的硅幕（不再是铁丝网，而是由硅基芯片和计算机代码组成的）也可能区隔出不同的敌对势力，引发一场新的全球冲突。这场人工智能军备竞赛将会制造出更具破坏性的武器，于是即使只是一个小小的火花，也可能引发灾难性的大火。
第二，硅幕所分隔的或许不是彼此敌对的人类，而是一边为所有人类，另一边为我们新的人工智能霸主。不论在哪里生活，我们都可能被一张看不透的算法大网束缚，控制着我们的生活，重塑着我们的政治与文化，甚至是去改造我们的身体与思想，但人类却再也无法理解这些控制着我们的力量，更别说加以阻止了。如果21世纪真会有某个极权主义网络成功征服世界，其背后的掌控者可能并不是人类的独裁者，而是某种非人类智慧。有些人以为，如果人类将会迎来极权主义噩梦，主要来源应该是俄罗斯或后民主时代的美国等国，但这是对极权主义威胁的一种误解。事实上，不管是俄罗斯人、美国人还是其他人，真正面对的可能是由非人类智慧引发的极权威胁。 (查看原文)
芝麻
5 回复
9赞
2024-10-13 09:39:20
—— 引自章节：序言
有时候，就算呈现的是错误的现实，也可能成为一种社会联结。比如，数百万登月阴谋论的追随者，看着一段声称美国从未成功登月的YouTube（油管）视频。虽然这些视频图像传达的是错误的现实，但仍然能让人对政府义愤填膺，或是对自己的智慧扬扬得意，于是形成一个有凝聚力的新群体。 (查看原文)
芝麻
9赞
2024-11-29 20:45:08
—— 引自章节：第一章 信息是什么？